Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Family: Phocidae
Genus: Phoca
Species: Phoca vitulina
English: Harbor Seal
Danish: Spættet sæl
Chinese: 斑海豹 (Bān hǎibào)
Swedish: Knubbsäl
Finnish: Kirjohylje
Norwegian: Steinkobbe
Polish: Foka pospolita
Japanese: ゼニガタアザラシ (Zenigataazarashi)
Spanish: Foca común
French: Phoque commun
Harbor seals are medium-sized pinnipeds. Adult males typically measure about 1.5 meters (4.9 feet) and weigh roughly 104 kg (229 lbs), while females are a bit smaller, averaging 1.4 meters (4.6 feet) and 83 kg (183 lbs). Harbor seal pups are born measuring 80–100 cm (2.6–3.3 feet) long and weighing 10–12 kg (22–26 lbs).
Harbor seals generally consume an average of 7 kg of food daily, following a carnivorous (piscivorous) diet that includes fish (cod, herring, and flatfish), squid, crustaceans, and molluscs—their diet shifts according to the availability of local resources. Surprisingly, habor seals excel in hunting underwater, utilising their sensitive whiskers (vibrissae) to detect prey even in low-light conditions, and they typically utilise their back teeth to crush the shells and crustaceans they consume.
Harbor seals have a rounded, streamlined body with a short tail. They feature large, dark eyes, a small, rounded head, and lack external ear flaps, accompanied by short neck snouts. Seals can be found in various fur colours; however, the ones most commonly observed in the wild are silver, light tan, and blue-grey with dark speckles or spots, along with dark fur featuring lighter ring-like markings.
Harbor seal habitats are typically located along the coast, on rocky ledges, sandy shores, estuaries, and intertidal zones in the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans. Key locations include Jan Mayen, Iceland, Canada, Svalbard, Greenland, Denmark, France, Norway, England, and Scotland.
As semi-aquatic mammals, harbour seals can hold their breath for as long as 30 minutes in the ocean's top 100 meters (328 feet). However, their typical dives last about 3 to 10 minutes while they forage for food.
The key differences between a harbor seal vs a sea lion include the following:
Harbor Seal Fact #1:
Predators of the harbor seal include orcas, sharks, and polar bears, which make coastal waters their safest hiding places.
Harbor Seal Fact #2:
Harbor seal pups usually swim within minutes or at the most hours of being born.
Harbor Seal Fact #3:
Harbor seals can sleep underwater and then surface for air approximately every 30 minutes.
Harbor Seal Fact #4:
Harbor seal sounds consist of very low grunts, growls, and snorts, especially when compared to other animals, such as the sea lion.
Harbor Seal Fact #5:
Harbor seals swim at speeds between 12 and 20 km/h (7.5 to 12.4 mph).
Harbor Seal Fact #6:
Harbor Seals have an average of 35 teeth.
Harbor Seal Fact #7:
Pacific harbor seals are subspecies native to the West Coast of North America, ranging from California to Alaska.
Harbor Seal Fact #8:
Harbor seal pupping season is between May and June.
Harbor Seal Fact #9:
Harbor seals are also known as “common seals.”
Harbor Seal Fact #10:
Harbor seals are relatively shallow divers that do most of their diving in the top 100 metres.
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