France

France’s history is a blend of cultural shifts, political upheavals, and lasting global influence. Its roots trace back to Roman times, when Julius Caesar conquered Gaul in the 1st century BC, laying the groundwork for what would become France. After the fall of the Roman Empire, the region evolved under the Frankish Kingdom, with Charlemagne becoming Emperor in 800 AD. Throughout the Middle Ages, France was shaped by the Hundred Years' War with England, powerful monarchs, and the significant role of the Catholic Church. The French Revolution in 1789 marked a turning point, toppling the monarchy and ushering in the republic. Napoleon Bonaparte’s rise brought a wave of French influence across the continent, though his defeat redrew Europe’s map once again. In the 20th century, France endured the devastation of two World Wars, particularly in northern regions like Paris and Strasbourg. Yet, its post-war recovery led to France becoming a founding member of the European Union and a major player in global affairs today.